Multitrophic systems
Multitrophic refers to the relationship between species that occupy different levels of a food chain. In ecology, multitrophic interactions can occur between plants, herbivores, and predators. In aquaculture, multitrophic systems involve the interaction of multiple species in a way that reduces waste and improves sustainability.
These systems can be implemented on land (land-based aquaculture), marine open water (sea-based aquaculture) or freshwater systems, and can comprise various combinations of species, such as fish/algae/bivalve combinations.
Advantages of Multitrophic Systems in Land-based Aquacultures
Space Optimization
- Several species can be produced in the same space;
- More efficient use of resources;
- There is no need for navigation signaling (cultivation structures are not subject to collision with nautical vessels);
- Significant enhancement of the cultivation space (including licensing, water quality and infrastructure);
Quality of prodution
- Possibility of several successive cultivation cycles (monthly, for example) within the space of a year;
- High meat ratio, in the case of shellfish (~30%).
Incorporation of Floating wetlands
- Creation of “refuges” through shading, promoting animal welfare.
- Attraction of other species, such as insects, birds, and amphibians, strengthening trophic relationships.
- Creation of habitats and promotion of biodiversity.
- Creation of partially extention “mini-ecosystems”.
Removal of excess nutrients in the environment
- Reduces water acidification;
-Reduces eutrophication, caused by the accumulation of phosphates and nitrates;
Bioremediation
- Filtration of potentialy fatal chemical compounds, for the survival of marine animals.
Natural Capital and Ecosystem Services
- Contribution to Blue Carbon: Combating climate change by retaining carbon in bivalve shells;
- Improvement of water quality, providing a better environment for fish (animal welfare);
- Bivalve shells can later be used as reefs for biodiversity and coastal protection (construction of gabions).
- Highly resistant, durable and recyclable compounds; - Products easy to handle, turn, transport and tow;
- Creation of ergonomic, safe and autonomous work processes;
SDGs
- Sustainable aquaculture practices, in line with sustainable development goals.
Circular Economy and Aquaculture
- Waste reduction;
- Dematerialization of the business;
- Offer of delivery service;
- Monitoring of delivered products;
- Continuous contact with the customer, receiving feedback and level of satisfaction
- Recycling and replacement of materials at the end of their useful life.
